will notice you as a perceptive audience are that this title has a clear veste parody, funny, no, I will not refer to the psalmist, nor the splendid novel by Gustavo Martín Garzo (since we are on their land), will soon understand what lies beneath these two references . But let me justify that joke before, this parody. Solemnly vindicated a paradox- and the need to involve the public mood, iocunditas to ecdotics chores. Militia est , is too well known, vita hominis super terram , and nobody will deny that much more if such homo, or such mulier, is among the tasks that mark the existence of an edition clothing critical. Thus, if we are to live for two days and nights of these days we are going to go blank wondering about this variant irreducible or erratic behavior of this branch of the tradition that is so annoying and intrusive as a nationalist politician well come a little humor to temper so tasteless panorama.
And this is no claim here that I do now pointless, but I welcome you to a certain extent, to a certain temperament, with a distinguished record in the field of textual criticism . How can we forget that statement of Alfred Housman, conspicuous scholar and editor of classical texts distinguished poet, a critic textual deep in chores was not so much a transcript of Newton observing planetary rotations, but rather resembled a pooch looking for fleas ? Who can forget that haunting allusion to exclusive circle of hell philologists evil present in the textual criticism Manual Alberto Blecua (p. 153)? How to erase from memory the formula itself Blecua proposed for cases in which a textual tradition refuses to be subject to conceptualizing, outlining a systematic or? I remember: "In this situation, the publisher can get desperate, devoted to other tasks or trying to carry out the least bad of the possible issues" (p. 106): only he who has made a critical edition is able to appreciate the irony acid , the black humor that this assertion holds. Healthy mood and healthy detachment, whose praise and place in another place at another time- of which Blecua also refers to allude to his Manual as a future source of havoc in the field of nursing. While the teacher walked right Blecua then, for you at this time attending the penultimate of these ravages. Yes, let me say that my appreciation of these things arises precisely from ecdotics of Blecua Manual, or if I should be more precise, a seminar in the course of the third edition of the Golden Age of the Autonomous University of Madrid, seminar on the problems of the editorial and publishing Literary Republic de Saavedra Fajardo taught by Alberto before a meager crowd, the speaker- Love heat bar professors from our faculty. There Alberto, among stemmata and liquor store, I inoculated the condition (as close to the fans) for textual criticism, riveted when a friend with whom I shared my undergraduate gave me in the fall of that year the Manual of Blecua be read convinced me that my dissertation would be a critical issue, and it was. It's been irreparable, 16. The memory of that friend just endures the dog-eared copy of Manual. And yet another passion, ecdotics, lives, and also the well-established belief that can not be a god send a stemma without being able to malta a dozen years or distilled in Kentucky, both daughters of a spring afternoon in the Independent, a privilege that I must always Alberto Blecua.
But do not think I will follow these paths. I can not because I'm here to talk about textual criticism, and so far what he was doing was to produce a text that is too close to me as appropriate to their exposure here. And do not say because I do not comply (which do not comply) with requirements in terms of honor, power, prestige, age or reputation that compelled them to you without mercy to listen to my nonsense, no: I say this because if something is inappropriate for someone connected to the ecdotics that is, above all, and above all, provide texts that are his own. The condition of the textual critic, publisher, and thus we move on, is to live forever in a foreign text within a text of others and, if you ask me for a foreign text. The editor is installed on it and contributed decisively to the life of the text on which they work, fixing their lessons, their language, letter, against the ravages of time and the carelessness of copyists, printers and, sometimes, predecessors ecdotics paupers. That is to say-and this lies its importance in the world of letters, the text editor projects critical to the future, life goes on and dissemination, bringing its presence one step more or less living in the literary and cultural history, not to infiltrate itself as individual or as a scholar, in the least in this text. But in truth I do not care here and now that progressive dimension, that dimension of future projected textual critic in dealing with other texts, but on the contrary, the vector that will occupy my attention here is the opposite, straightening to the last time the regression line in the life of the texts. Much can, and should, the critical enter text by such galleries to ensure that the text is the text willing to be last.
specifically on what interests me here is to draw attention to what is the work of the textual critic, the philologist, deepening inevitable in the deeper layers (forgive the redundancy , and there you will understand the first part of the title of my paper) of the text in which they work. Indeed, as we know those we faced a critical edition of medieval and Renaissance texts (ie, texts in which mechanisms production and historical circumstances which prevailed write values \u200b\u200bsuch as those of imitatio and respect for auctore ), in many cases it is impossible to solve the challenge of editing a text raises regardless sources (and will explain the second part of my degree) on which the text is formed, imitated built. This is widely known, especially taken into account with every opportunity and justice in cases of translation and romance, where the original translated text is an essential reference. Thus, the person responsible for a critical edition is in many cases, and, of course, always in its most finished, a work which, inevitably pointing to the future of the textual life of the published work, it must necessarily sink its roots in the past layers of text life, even in previous layers or prior to the drafting of the text itself, stadiums geno -text (by reusing the terminology coined by Kristeva few years ago), linked to sources and models. This is an indisputable truth, and always taken into account in the philological works, especially if the texts grouped under the pre-Romantic literary paradigms, ie those in which terms such as imitatio , auctoritas , aemulatio , maintain in full force and online master of the literary system.
However, it is necessary to take into account something that is not always taken into consideration. When a scholar insists on editing some text above fall under the casuistry, and demand should show the same acuity ecdotics regarding the alleged sources of the text you are applying to the text under her care. In other words, it is necessary to consider the sources of the text on which we are dealing with a critical mind, from the textual point of view, and it is imperative to be very familiar with the particularities of tradition text of those texts that we know or suspect are below, and as direct sources, and as models, and translation as a text object, including text, we want to edit.
For translations this has been highlighted so irrefutable, and an important area of \u200b\u200bmedieval culture, that of biblical translations and romance, by Mrs. Margherita Morreale. His research about the importance of identifying the underlying model in the edition and study of medieval biblical romances are exemplary, and clear example of the phenomenon that I wish to illustrate here. Procedure and methodology have recently shown their revenues to the research work as important as the draft edition of the General History undertaken by teachers and Pedro Sánchez-Prieto Bautista Horcajada. In the same vein, José Manuel Lucía has commented on this same encounter a very similar case regarding the Knight Zifar that transcends the field of translation and affect the scope of the model or the source followed by an author.
The above cases show that when it comes to sources, when it comes to models, when it comes to texts underlying the study or edit text, you must have a historical consciousness would say-and-concrete and peculiarizada of the underlying text. That is, if we consider the Bible as a source, we should not think of the Bible as the textual abstract entity, but in particular, this manuscript is a tall order-or family or review of biblical textual tradition, through studies about the tradition of the text or crawls in libraries in search of manuscripts with useful data source, we know that was the closest, or immediately to the scene, the author or the intellectual environment that we occupy.
My intention here is to bring several cases, especially one of them, highlighting the need for the textual critic and, in general, the philologist, to have knowledge depth of the particular text that has the subtext, the model or the source, call it what you like, "the text on which we work.
Consider the former case, which leads us to the work of, or sponsored by Alfonso X. In Part of General estoria , Book XI, Chapter 39, entitled "the dating of this city and a few ential Daquella land," he adorns the story of Exodus, the narrative spine here, with various news and encyclopedic geographic nature of the populations on Ethiopian land. In the news we read: "other ential that the Garamantes Gnostic, and others Angil and other troglodytes" [1] ; little later, "the non aoran Angil another god sinon alos Spiritos of Hell "(ibid. , p. 311 b ). The difficulty of these passages is that we have no reference to what are these Angil or Angil displayed in the text. It is necessary to make an inquiry about the text underlying the passage.
is not difficult to know the source of this passage is Pliny, first by the massive presence of his Historia Naturalis as a source of such data over of the Middle Ages, second, and more conclusively, because the text of the General History submitted shortly before the repetidísimo "and second counts Plinio ...". If we go to pages Historia Naturalis found in the book V, chap. viii, § § 43 and 45 the following passages: "usque ad et Garamantas Augilasque Troglodytes", "tantum inferos Augilae colunt." That is, the people he referred to the General History is that of Augila Augila or (this second form is a direct descendant of the second of the loci cited Pliny, with the diphthong ae nominative plural reduced to shrink - and - and the plural morpheme Castilian). We believe that in the example of Pliny handled by compilers General History of was a mistake I have made a study of the textual tradition of Pliny, of course, "or more likely that the proximity iconic graphemes-u-y-n-in Gothic script is to blame a misunderstanding of the adjective. Only after these considerations, the editor can make an informed decision about the text you edit or notes. As well as the emergence of voice in the General History , we have other texts presented in its canonical form, and the translation of the Historia Naturalis Jeronimo Huerta (ed. 1624, I, 168b and, all, 171, where our tickets are translated with Augila forms and Augila ) or the Apologetic History of the Indies of Fray Bartolome de las Casas (which has the form Augila ) or even, and slavishly attached to Pliny, Jorge Luis Borges in The Aleph : "We went through the land of the troglodytes, who devour snakes of [...], the Augila , who only venerate the Tartarus" (ed. Madrid, 1974, p. 9).
take another case belonging to the General History , more specifically its Part Four, and more precisely still, that section of it which is designed for the telling of the story of Alexander the Great. We can easily read through the work of Thomas Rolán and Pilar González Suárez-Somonte Saquero, and editing it [2] , p. 145, read the following passage:
Ondra Passada the wedding, Alexandre de Perssia came with his army of the Macedonians town hall and the crowd of those Perssia, and entered and fought against Yrcania very Rezi and conquirió d'yrcanos that time to the Anglo ea .
surprising as British presence in place so dissonant. You have to turn to for clarity of the text underlying our passage is none other than the Preliis History, recession J 2: In the Latin text of this work provided by teachers and Saquero Rolán González ( ed. cit. , p. 112) we read: "Post hec vero Congregate exercitu Hyrcaniam et est Persarum free user ingressus struggling subegit Hyrcanus et Mangles." We think that the compiler alfonsí misread his source, but there is another possibility more explanatory power of our way Anglos. In the critical apparatus to the Latin text and Gonzalez offered Saquero Rolán ( ed. Cit. , p. 225) has a large number of manuscripts-eight, exactly, read there " Anglos" and not mangroves. Recourse to the sources we read text makes clear that we deal with, and in turn provides us with reasons to support our decisions as editors. In this latter case, moreover, if we get to the bottom of the problem, we note that the adjective mangroves present in Preliis History is also very likely and in turn, reading from a mistake: when Paul Orosius refers to these people, how we find is another, "Alexander Magnus [...] Igitur et Hyrcanus subegit Mardo ( History, 3, 18 , 187), and as pointed out by teachers and Saquero Rolán in various places in both the recession J 1 of History Preliis -from which derives the recession J 2 - as the very recession J 2, and is in a much greater extent, taking material from Orosius ( ed. cit. , pp. 17-18). Like Chinese boxes or a matrioschkas Russian text in which we work, edit the text leads us to another within text (rather than less) to build, and that leads us to another subtext subtext, double subordination to the first, also must be considered in all its textual complexity to successfully solving the problems of the text is the subject of our activity ecdotics.
will comment more than one case demonstrates the need to take into account these underlying subtexts or texts at the time not only to edit and correct a text but also in being able to account for their peculiarities philological, lexical or linguistic. The following case is, as above, fall within the dynamics of translation in a generic, but shows the case mix that we found time to address the sources of certain passages of original text.
The first order of Celestina within the misogynistic spin that spits Sempronio Callisto, read the following words:
For them it is said: 'weapon of the devil, head of sin, destruición of paradise. " Is not as prayed on the Feast of St. John, do he says: 'the women and wine hazen to deny ombres', do he says:' This is the woman, an old evil that Adam fell from the delights of paradise, is the umano lineage put in hell this despised prophet Elijah ', etc.? [3] .
Some of the various editors and exegetes of the work have noted the passage, especially to indicate their sources. And this in the wake of Castro Guisasola, which identified the last of the transcript quotes the passage ('this is the woman ... this despised prophet Elijah') with the sermon CXXVII Crisólogo of San Pedro, as is once attributed to St. John Chrysostom [4] . But none of them has been spared in the sense that the passage has the word malice. For malice here has two main values \u200b\u200bthat shows in the age half-and-nowadays: that of 'evil, bad or evil quality' and 'action evil or mischievous', in the light of context, leaving little room for doubt, malice it in the text said something like 'evil creature. " This value, as far as I can ascertain, is not recorded in any other medieval Castilian text [5] .
How then to explain the peculiar value or use of malice transcribed in the text above? Let us turn for answers al texto fuente. Castro Guisasola transcribe el siguiente fragmento del sermón cxxvii del Crisólogo:
Haec est mulieris antiqua malitia, quae Adam eiecit de paradisii deliciis; haec caelestes homines facit terrenos, haec humanum genus mersit in infernum.
No hay nada en el texto transcrito que explique el peculiar uso de malicia , antes bien, nos hallamos ante la constatación de que el autor de esas líneas —Rojas o quien fuere— cometió un error de traducción, vertiendo “esta es la mujer, antigua malicia” donde debió haber leído “esta es la antigua malicia de la mujer...”.
Salta a la vista que esa explicación de lo que hallamos en este pasaje de Celestina , el error de traducción de un triste genitivo, no es demasiado convincente. Una somera indagación en la vida textual del sermón de Pedro Crisólogo disipa esa posibilidad, tan poco halagadora para Rojas o el “antiguo autor”. La magnífica critical edition of the work of Crisólogo homiletics conducted by Alexandre Olivier allows us to appreciate that some representatives of the textual tradition of that sermon CXXVII recorded a variant of the utmost importance for our purpose:
Haec est mulier malitia antiqua, quae Adam eiecit of paradisii deliciis [6] . In view of this quotation, it is obvious that the writer of the passage of the Celestine Used we are analyzing a representative of the textual tradition of Peter's sermon Crisólogo closely connected to the carriers of lectio transcribed, which explains perfectly through a literal translation of the text Celestina. Therefore, the value of malice in Celestina would be given by a cast of a specific lectio the text of the font used, and which shall become a true hapax legomenon semantics. It seems that a linguistic fact of that caliber should have been scored by a scholar engaged in setting and illustrate the text, however, none of the editions of the Celestina I know it has echoed this. Without knowledge of the peculiarities of the underlying text, let me corollary, there is no possibility of achieving a proper evaluative knowledge we work text [7] . finish now. Now you will understand better the title of my speech, and probably also the need for such an appeal to a certain iocunditas for ecdotics work. Inquiries about the need for which my attention is not exactly easy or simple or fun, are also rewarding most of the time. But I sincerely believe that when a scholar worthy of that designation decides to undertake the edition of a medieval or Renaissance text, you must keep in mind that such operations ecdotics on the text that deals are in need of other strata ecdotics unprecedented, for the text or texts that are inscribed within the letter of his own. Only with this descent into hell, with the mise en abîme , we may be safe to operate with few guarantees of our decisions.
[6] Sancti Petri Chrisologi collectio sermonvm Felice sermonibus extravagantibus episcopo Parata adiectis, pars III . Ed Alexandre Olivier. Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina, xxiv b (Turnhout: Brepols, 1982), p.786. [Back]
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